Icarus2

Relations between radius(size) of universe and dark energy density http://www.sciforums.com/showpost.php?p=2550520&postcount=16 Radius of the universe: From Neil J. Cornish,the universe' radius is at least 24Gpc(78Gly).(2003, Neil J. Cornish, "Constraining the Topology of the Universe", http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0310233v1 ) In Quantum Field Theory, the energy density of the vacuum is estimated as 10^(70)GeV^4, which is about 10^117 orders of magnitude large than the observation value 10^(-47)GeV^4. Radius of the universe : about 96.76 Billion Light Years! Size of the universe(diameter) : about 193.5 Billion light years! Circumference of the universe : about 607.65 Billion light years! Volume of the universe : about 3.792 X 10^15 (light years)^3 ========= Hypothesis of Dark Matter and Dark Energy with Negative Mass : http://vixra.org/abs/0907.0015

V-2-2)Proof from the gravitational self-energy In case of, mass M and mass distribution is [tex] 0 \le r \le R[/tex] and mass density is [tex]\rho [/tex] fig10 caption : Gravitational self-energy Gravitational self-energy of the universe [tex] U_S = - \frac{3}{5}\frac{{GM^2 }}{R} [/tex] A coefficient 3/5 is constant for geometric shape of the universe. At this time, let's analyze to the relation between total potential energy and gravitational self-energy. Equation (79) is total potential energy when the number of negative mass is [tex]n_-[/tex], and the number of positive mass is [tex]n_+[/tex]. The other side, [tex]U_s[/tex] is total potential energy when all particles are positive mass. Therefore, [tex]U_s[/tex] is total potential energy when dark energy term has an opposite sign. General gravitational potential defined, [tex] U_{gp} = - ((\frac{{n_ - (n_ - - 1)}}{2}\frac{{Gm_ - m{}_ - }}{{r_{ ...

V-6 Colliding with Bullet Cluster As shown in the recent observation of dark matter, dark matter seems not to interact with each other when colliding with galaxy clusters, and it can be predicted with essential characteristics of negative mass. Uniformly distributed negative mass receives attractive effect from massive positive mass, so dark matter which has negative mass is clustered around galaxy because of attraction of galaxy. If the type of force worked between negative mass when colliding with galaxy clusters is repulsive, and negative mass is distributed almost uniformly without forming massive mass structure, the shape of dark matter is not distorted or transformed even if dark matter(negative mass) and dark matter(negative mass) pass through similar area, that is, they will seem not to interact each other. Also there is repulsive effect between dark matters that are made up with negative mass, thus there will be almost no direct collision as well. R...

1.Extended Newton's motion law When an object with mass of +m1 is away from an object with mass of +m2 by distance r, the force worked between two objects is described as following type. F = - Gm1 m2/r^2 When an object with mass of -m1 is away from an object with mass of -m2 by distance r, what type does the force worked between two objects have? Many people think “the force decides motion of object in gravity”, but actually the acceleration decides the motion of object in gravity, and also plays a role of deciding the moving direction of object which is at the state of stop. We can set up following dynamic equation to describe the motion of object. That is, the gravity created on mass m1 by mass m2 is expressed as follows: As we can see in the equation above, the term of acceleration remains only because mass m1 is erased from both terms. Now the equation of motion means the equation of acceleration, not the equation of force, the acceleration provides information of motion direct...

Hypothesis of Dark Matter and Dark Energy with Negative Mass : http://vixra.org/abs/0907.0015