II-Property of negative mass

1.Extended Newton's motion law


When an object with mass of +m1 is away from an object with mass of +m2 by distance r, the force worked between two objects is described as following type.

F = - Gm1 m2/r^2

When an object with mass of -m1 is away from an object with mass of -m2 by distance r, what type does the force worked between two objects have?

Many people think “the force decides motion of object in gravity”, but actually the acceleration decides the motion of object in gravity, and also plays a role of deciding the moving direction of object which is at the state of stop.

We can set up following dynamic equation to describe the motion of object. That is, the gravity created on mass m1 by mass m2 is expressed as follows:











As we can see in the equation above, the term of acceleration remains only because mass m1 is erased from both terms. Now the equation of motion means the equation of acceleration, not the equation of force, the acceleration provides information of motion direction, and decides the direction of motion.


1-1)The law of motion of positive mass and positive mass





























Positive mass and positive mass : The force worked between positive mass is attraction, and two objects move toward the center of mass. The force is attraction, thus their potential energy has negative value. The direction of acceleration is in the direction of -r, so the distance between two objects are reduced gradually.

1-2)The law of motion of negative mass and positive mass
























Negative mass and positive mass : Negative mass is accelerated in the direction of positive mass, and positive mass is accelerated in the direction to be far away from negative mass.

The direction of acceleration a1 worked on negative mass –m1 is -r, so -m1 moves in the direction of reducing distance r, and the direction of acceleration a2 worked on positive mass +m2 is + r, so positive mass +m2 is accelerated in the direction that distance r increases, namely the direction of being far away from negative mass.

If the absolute value of positive mass is bigger than that of negative mass, they will meet within finite time(attractive effect), and if the absolute value of positive mass is smaller than that of negative mass, the distance between them will be bigger, and they cannot meet(repulsive effect).

==>Uniformly distributed negative mass receives attractive effect from massive positive mass(Galaxy and Galaxy cluster), so dark matter which has negative mass is clustered around galaxy because of attraction of galaxy.

The type of force is repulsion, so the potential energy has positive value.

1-3)The law of motion of negative mass and negative mass


























Negative mass and negative mass: Both two objects are accelerated in the direction of +r which extends distance r, so as time passes, the distance between them is greater than initially given condition, and the force between them is attraction, but the effect is repulsive. The force is attraction(-Gm1m2/r^2), thus the potential energy between them has negative value.


If negative mass and positive mass were born together at the beginning of universe, positive mass has attractive effect each other, so it forms star and galaxy structure now, but negative mass has repulsive effect each other, so they cannot make massive mass structure like star or galaxy.

Hypothesis of Dark Matter and Dark Energy with Negative Mass :http://vixra.org/abs/0907.0015

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