Important Report on the Dark Energy and Gravitational Potential Energy
Important Report on the Dark Energy and Gravitational Potential Energy
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GUpiH3jsCnA
[Abstract]
Gravity is the force conquering the structure of the universe. By recognizing the components of the universe, we are estimating the quantity of components composing the universe through size of gravity and gravitational potential energy.
In this paper, it is being shown that the universe can be created and expanded through pair creation of positive energy(mass) and negative energy(mass) from zero energy condition. Also, gravitational potential energy is composed by 3 units of U+, U-, and U-+ when negative and positive energy exists, U-+ has positive values and is the component that makes repulsive gravitational effect. U-+ corresponds with the inner energy of the system and can be interpreted as dark energy.
Also, situations in which U-+ has much higher value than
(U++) +(U--)
depending on the distribution of negative mass and positive mass is possible.
This doesn't mean that 72% of dark energy independently exists, but means that explanation from gravitational potential energy occurring from 5% of negative energy, which is the same as 5% of positive energy, is possible. Moreover, 5% of negative energy is the energy which is inevitably required from zero energy, which is the most natural total energy value in the universe.
This discovery implies that our belief that size of gravity and size of components of the universe would always 1:1 correspond was wrong.
I. Introduction
Gravity is the force conquering the structure of the universe. By recognizing the components of the universe, we are estimating the quantity of components composing the universe through size of gravity and gravitational potential energy.
In estimating some kind of unknown energy quantity of universe components, gravity has been a crucial part. For example, if the universe is composed of some materials and these materials are always moving in equal velocity, unknown repulsive energy to offset this attraction was needed and it was assumed that the size of this energy is the same as the size of the energy of materials and the direction should be the opposite.
From the observation on accelerating expansion of the universe in 1998, we assumed that a repulsive energy bigger than the total energy of visible matter need to exist and called this dark energy. Also, this dark energy has been accepted as an independent energy different from matter or dark matter.
We have trusted the above analysis on gravity and gravitational potential energy had clear validity.
However, through current numerical computation, we found that there was possibility of severe errors in this analysis through gravitational effect.
Negative mass is stable at the state of high energy. So the “problem of the transition of the energy level of minus infinity” does not occur, and thus positive mass and negative mass can exist in the same space-time.
In the paper, we show that the universe led to the current structure of the universe, if we assume pair creation – positive energy and negative energy in the early universe.
We looked for size of gravitational potential energy when negative and positive energy both exist and try to explain this gravitational potential energy value regarding to the current size of dark energy.
II. Birth of the universe from zero energy state
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vYEPbCpkLa8
This is a computer simulation that shows you that the universe led to the current structure of the universe with pair creation of positive energy and negative energy from the zero energy state.
III. Significant characteristics of dark energy and gravitational potential energy
A. Simulation background and method
1) Physical background
a) For the initial energy value of the universe,
It looks more natural when an initial energy value of universe is 0. Therefore, negative energy is needed to offset positive energy of matters
If there was pair creation of positive and negative energy in the beginning of the universe, it is estimated that the total value of all positive energy will totally offset the total energy of all negative energy. If we consider only rest mass energy and gravitational potential energy, the relation below will be valid.
b) Gravitational potential energy
If negative mass and positive mass coexist, gravitational potential energy consists of the below three items.
U_T = (U-+) + (U--) + (U++)
Gravitational potential shows significant characteristic when negative mass and positive mass both exist. While n^2 positive gravitational potential is produced above, n^2-n negative gravitational potential are produced. Therefore, total gravitational potential energy can have various values.
2) Simulation Program
To look into the characteristic of gravitational potential energy, we used the simulation program named Gravitation3D made by Roice Nelson.
3) Simulation setting
a) Definition of parameter
A few parameters were needed to be defined for simulation.
Distance between pair creation negative energy and positive energy(distance of 1 pair) : d0
Minimum distance between particle pairs for density modification during pair creation : dm
Radius of pair creation range : R0 =500
Particle number of pair creation : N0 = 2000ea (1000 pair)
b) Finding mean value
Through Gravitation3D program, 1000 particle pairs (total 2000ea particles) were produced and one mean value of each distance value was found 5 times each.
c) Verification on program
To check if the calculated results of the program were correct, we calculated the gravitational potential energy when 1, 2, and 3 pairs (consist of 15ea potentials) of particles existed by hand and confirmed that this value corresponded to the calculated results of the program.
B. Results of simulation(mean value)
1)Distance : 0.01
Min. Distance : 20
U++ = -1607.830
U-- = -1607.830
U-+ = + 102952.108
U_total = 99736.447
Ratio of positive gravitational potential / negative gravitational potential : 3201.6%
It was found out that U-+ value having positive value could be much higher than
(U++) +( U--)
Thus, even though the size of positive mass and negative mass was equal, it could be known that repulsive gravitational potential energy could be much higher than attractive gravitational potential energy.
We will describe that an unknown repulsive energy U-+ higher that attraction of visible matter exists for the energy value of above.
4)Distance : 0.19
Min. Distance : 20
U++ = -1607.094
U-- = -1607.100
U-+ = + 8475.688
U_total = 5261.494
Ratio of positive gravitational potential / negative gravitational potential : 263.7%
According to the observance result of WMAP, it is predicted that current dark energy, dark matter, and matter is approximately 72.1%, 23.3%, and 4.6%, respectively.
Dark matter and matter correspond to negative gravitational potential because they have attractive gravitational potential and dark energy correspond to positive gravitational potential because it produces repulsive effect.
Therefore, observation ratio of current universe is 72.1/27.9 = 2.584.
Is shows similar condition to 2.63 which was found above.
If conditions are changes, ratio of negative gravitational potential and positive gravitational potential can have various conditions close to 2.58.
5)Particle pairs show to overlap (in the process being expressed in visible size) because of distance between negative mass and positive mass composing singular particle pairs are relatively close. Overlapping is unrelated to the calculation of gravitational potential energy.
It can be known that distance between singular particle pairs are much smaller compared to the distance between other particle pairs.
One particle pair corresponds to the cluster of galaxies in the universe structure. From movement characteristic of negative mass and positive mass, galaxies and cluster of galaxies have clustering structure of negative mass in the outside of the galaxy.
C. Accelerating expansion of the universe
Expansion of the universe means increase of the distance between cluster of galaxies or the galaxy while the sizes of individual galaxies are the same.
Structure of galaxies or cluster of galaxies surrounding negative masses in the pair creation model of negative and positive mass is implied.
d0, which is the distance between negative and positive mass, is maintained as a constant in this simulation, or the radius value of the size of the universe increases when d0 decreases.
Change of potential energy by change of R radius
Pay attention on the change of negative gravitational potential energy and positive gravitational potential energy ratio!
However, ratio of positive gravitational potential(Dark Energy) and negative gravitational potential increases as the universe expands and this is seen to mean that percentage of repulsive effect increases compared to the attractive effect of ordinary matter.
D. Centripetal force effect in the galaxy from dark matter(negative mass) halo out of the galaxy
If the negative mass is disposed at the outline, the test mass vibrates, and a kind of restoring force (This corresponds to the centripetal force when considering rotation of the galaxy) exists.
This suggests that the halo, dark matter of the external Galaxy could get additional effects of centripetal force to the inner Galaxy.
E. Results of simulation
1) Even though negative and positive mass have the same size, total gravitational potential energy can have +, 0, - values depending on the placement of each.
2) U-+ value is higher as D0 is smaller and the total gravitational potential energy also have a high positive value.
3) Looking into the numerical calculation of B)-1)~6), it can be seen that positive gravitational potential value U-+ can have much higher values than negative gravitational potential values. If we consider the distance of Planck length level, this value can have very high values enough to explain inflation.
From the observation result of WMAP, we know that dark energy value, which generates repulsion, is 2.58 times the total of matter and dark matter.
Until now, it is predicted that dark matter produces attraction. Closely look into numbers B)-4).
4) Because we judge components of the universe by gravity or gravitational potential energy, it can be assumed that there is dark energy of 2.63 times or inner energy of 2.63 times regarding the situation of U-+ value having approximately 2.63 times U+ and U- values in number B)-4).
5) The above results show that 72% of dark energy doesn't exist independently (for example, negative energy of 72% size exists), but implies that there is possibility that negative energy having the same size of positive energy can emerge.
There are several situations satisfying 2.58 times.
IV. Conclusion
From the simulation result of chapter II and accelerating expansion of the universe, there is possibility that our universe is composed of negative and positive energy. From analysis results of chapter III, total gravitational potential energy has 3 components and it is known that the total of this gravitational potential energy can have positive and negative values.
No one has seen dark energy or dark matter. We must remember that we only recognize it through gravitational effect.
Because we judge components of the universe by gravitational potential energy and gravity which is the slope of gravitational potential energy, it is estimated that some unknown energy generates repulsive gravitational effect which is 2.63 times higher than the total quantity of matter and dark matter.
This discovery shows possibility that content estimating dark energy quantity through gravitational effect we found can be different from the real fact.
Therefore, it is necessary to try to calculate and observe negative mass more strictly, laying aside the abstract aversion of negative mass.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GUpiH3jsCnA
[Abstract]
Gravity is the force conquering the structure of the universe. By recognizing the components of the universe, we are estimating the quantity of components composing the universe through size of gravity and gravitational potential energy.
In this paper, it is being shown that the universe can be created and expanded through pair creation of positive energy(mass) and negative energy(mass) from zero energy condition. Also, gravitational potential energy is composed by 3 units of U+, U-, and U-+ when negative and positive energy exists, U-+ has positive values and is the component that makes repulsive gravitational effect. U-+ corresponds with the inner energy of the system and can be interpreted as dark energy.
Also, situations in which U-+ has much higher value than
(U++) +(U--)
depending on the distribution of negative mass and positive mass is possible.
This doesn't mean that 72% of dark energy independently exists, but means that explanation from gravitational potential energy occurring from 5% of negative energy, which is the same as 5% of positive energy, is possible. Moreover, 5% of negative energy is the energy which is inevitably required from zero energy, which is the most natural total energy value in the universe.
This discovery implies that our belief that size of gravity and size of components of the universe would always 1:1 correspond was wrong.
I. Introduction
Gravity is the force conquering the structure of the universe. By recognizing the components of the universe, we are estimating the quantity of components composing the universe through size of gravity and gravitational potential energy.
In estimating some kind of unknown energy quantity of universe components, gravity has been a crucial part. For example, if the universe is composed of some materials and these materials are always moving in equal velocity, unknown repulsive energy to offset this attraction was needed and it was assumed that the size of this energy is the same as the size of the energy of materials and the direction should be the opposite.
From the observation on accelerating expansion of the universe in 1998, we assumed that a repulsive energy bigger than the total energy of visible matter need to exist and called this dark energy. Also, this dark energy has been accepted as an independent energy different from matter or dark matter.
We have trusted the above analysis on gravity and gravitational potential energy had clear validity.
However, through current numerical computation, we found that there was possibility of severe errors in this analysis through gravitational effect.
Negative mass is stable at the state of high energy. So the “problem of the transition of the energy level of minus infinity” does not occur, and thus positive mass and negative mass can exist in the same space-time.
In the paper, we show that the universe led to the current structure of the universe, if we assume pair creation – positive energy and negative energy in the early universe.
We looked for size of gravitational potential energy when negative and positive energy both exist and try to explain this gravitational potential energy value regarding to the current size of dark energy.
II. Birth of the universe from zero energy state
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vYEPbCpkLa8
This is a computer simulation that shows you that the universe led to the current structure of the universe with pair creation of positive energy and negative energy from the zero energy state.
III. Significant characteristics of dark energy and gravitational potential energy
A. Simulation background and method
1) Physical background
a) For the initial energy value of the universe,
It looks more natural when an initial energy value of universe is 0. Therefore, negative energy is needed to offset positive energy of matters
If there was pair creation of positive and negative energy in the beginning of the universe, it is estimated that the total value of all positive energy will totally offset the total energy of all negative energy. If we consider only rest mass energy and gravitational potential energy, the relation below will be valid.
b) Gravitational potential energy
If negative mass and positive mass coexist, gravitational potential energy consists of the below three items.
U_T = (U-+) + (U--) + (U++)
Gravitational potential shows significant characteristic when negative mass and positive mass both exist. While n^2 positive gravitational potential is produced above, n^2-n negative gravitational potential are produced. Therefore, total gravitational potential energy can have various values.
2) Simulation Program
To look into the characteristic of gravitational potential energy, we used the simulation program named Gravitation3D made by Roice Nelson.
3) Simulation setting
a) Definition of parameter
A few parameters were needed to be defined for simulation.
Distance between pair creation negative energy and positive energy(distance of 1 pair) : d0
Minimum distance between particle pairs for density modification during pair creation : dm
Radius of pair creation range : R0 =500
Particle number of pair creation : N0 = 2000ea (1000 pair)
b) Finding mean value
Through Gravitation3D program, 1000 particle pairs (total 2000ea particles) were produced and one mean value of each distance value was found 5 times each.
c) Verification on program
To check if the calculated results of the program were correct, we calculated the gravitational potential energy when 1, 2, and 3 pairs (consist of 15ea potentials) of particles existed by hand and confirmed that this value corresponded to the calculated results of the program.
B. Results of simulation(mean value)
1)Distance : 0.01
Min. Distance : 20
U++ = -1607.830
U-- = -1607.830
U-+ = + 102952.108
U_total = 99736.447
Ratio of positive gravitational potential / negative gravitational potential : 3201.6%
It was found out that U-+ value having positive value could be much higher than
(U++) +( U--)
Thus, even though the size of positive mass and negative mass was equal, it could be known that repulsive gravitational potential energy could be much higher than attractive gravitational potential energy.
We will describe that an unknown repulsive energy U-+ higher that attraction of visible matter exists for the energy value of above.
4)Distance : 0.19
Min. Distance : 20
U++ = -1607.094
U-- = -1607.100
U-+ = + 8475.688
U_total = 5261.494
Ratio of positive gravitational potential / negative gravitational potential : 263.7%
According to the observance result of WMAP, it is predicted that current dark energy, dark matter, and matter is approximately 72.1%, 23.3%, and 4.6%, respectively.
Dark matter and matter correspond to negative gravitational potential because they have attractive gravitational potential and dark energy correspond to positive gravitational potential because it produces repulsive effect.
Therefore, observation ratio of current universe is 72.1/27.9 = 2.584.
Is shows similar condition to 2.63 which was found above.
If conditions are changes, ratio of negative gravitational potential and positive gravitational potential can have various conditions close to 2.58.
5)Particle pairs show to overlap (in the process being expressed in visible size) because of distance between negative mass and positive mass composing singular particle pairs are relatively close. Overlapping is unrelated to the calculation of gravitational potential energy.
It can be known that distance between singular particle pairs are much smaller compared to the distance between other particle pairs.
One particle pair corresponds to the cluster of galaxies in the universe structure. From movement characteristic of negative mass and positive mass, galaxies and cluster of galaxies have clustering structure of negative mass in the outside of the galaxy.
C. Accelerating expansion of the universe
Expansion of the universe means increase of the distance between cluster of galaxies or the galaxy while the sizes of individual galaxies are the same.
Structure of galaxies or cluster of galaxies surrounding negative masses in the pair creation model of negative and positive mass is implied.
d0, which is the distance between negative and positive mass, is maintained as a constant in this simulation, or the radius value of the size of the universe increases when d0 decreases.
Pay attention on the change of negative gravitational potential energy and positive gravitational potential energy ratio!
As R, which corresponds to the radius of the universe, increases, absolute values of gravitational potential energy all decrease while the total gravitational potential energy is mostly maintained.
However, ratio of positive gravitational potential(Dark Energy) and negative gravitational potential increases as the universe expands and this is seen to mean that percentage of repulsive effect increases compared to the attractive effect of ordinary matter.
D. Centripetal force effect in the galaxy from dark matter(negative mass) halo out of the galaxy
If the negative mass is disposed at the outline, the test mass vibrates, and a kind of restoring force (This corresponds to the centripetal force when considering rotation of the galaxy) exists.
This suggests that the halo, dark matter of the external Galaxy could get additional effects of centripetal force to the inner Galaxy.
E. Results of simulation
1) Even though negative and positive mass have the same size, total gravitational potential energy can have +, 0, - values depending on the placement of each.
2) U-+ value is higher as D0 is smaller and the total gravitational potential energy also have a high positive value.
3) Looking into the numerical calculation of B)-1)~6), it can be seen that positive gravitational potential value U-+ can have much higher values than negative gravitational potential values. If we consider the distance of Planck length level, this value can have very high values enough to explain inflation.
From the observation result of WMAP, we know that dark energy value, which generates repulsion, is 2.58 times the total of matter and dark matter.
Until now, it is predicted that dark matter produces attraction. Closely look into numbers B)-4).
4) Because we judge components of the universe by gravity or gravitational potential energy, it can be assumed that there is dark energy of 2.63 times or inner energy of 2.63 times regarding the situation of U-+ value having approximately 2.63 times U+ and U- values in number B)-4).
5) The above results show that 72% of dark energy doesn't exist independently (for example, negative energy of 72% size exists), but implies that there is possibility that negative energy having the same size of positive energy can emerge.
There are several situations satisfying 2.58 times.
IV. Conclusion
From the simulation result of chapter II and accelerating expansion of the universe, there is possibility that our universe is composed of negative and positive energy. From analysis results of chapter III, total gravitational potential energy has 3 components and it is known that the total of this gravitational potential energy can have positive and negative values.
No one has seen dark energy or dark matter. We must remember that we only recognize it through gravitational effect.
Because we judge components of the universe by gravitational potential energy and gravity which is the slope of gravitational potential energy, it is estimated that some unknown energy generates repulsive gravitational effect which is 2.63 times higher than the total quantity of matter and dark matter.
This discovery shows possibility that content estimating dark energy quantity through gravitational effect we found can be different from the real fact.
Therefore, it is necessary to try to calculate and observe negative mass more strictly, laying aside the abstract aversion of negative mass.
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